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Spandex yarn types and equipment, adaptation of technology and applications

   I. Introduction

Spandex is a rapid development in recent years, the high elasticity of synthetic fibers, it is an extraordinary extension of and respond to performance makes clothes fit better and more comfortable. Spandex bare yarn can be in the form of use, but in most cases is to be further processed into bare wire core yarn, covering yarn, or co-twisting, so as to different proportions with natural fiber, chemical fiber mix, knitted or woven through the formation of multi – the various forms of elastic fabric.

    II, the type of spandex yarn

In recent years, the most widely used spandex yarns are mainly three forms: core yarn, covering yarn twisting harmony, these three kinds of elastic spandex yarn is the deep-processed products, their different processing principles of the formation of a different yarn line style.

    1. Spandex core-spun yarn

As the yarn is a spandex core, outsourcing one or several non-elastic staple fiber spun into yarn. Get a good feel spandex core-spun yarn and appearance, with natural fiber yarns for the outsourcing of fiber moisture absorption, and can be used according to the product flexibility to choose different values. Spandex Core-spun elastic yarn compared with other notable feature is the yarn tension state in the core wire is not exposed, so dyeing effect is good, should do so, including a variety of colors, including dark-colored products. And compared to other types of elastic yarn, core yarn strength low, most single yarn strength is only equivalent to the same size outsourcing fiber yarn alone 80% -90%.

    2. Spandex Covered Yarn

Is a spandex as the core, inelastic filament or staple fiber yarns by spiral-shaped way spandex elongation of the state to be formed coated elastic yarn. Spandex Covered Yarn is a hollow spindle with a special equipment for processing the whole machine is divided into elastic core yarn feeding, stretching and relaxation-coated take-up such as three parts. Covered Yarn and other elastic yarn is one of the most obvious difference between the core wire-free twist.

Spandex Covered Yarn in the silk and the outsourcing of core-sheath layer of the relationship between the clear layer of the core wire and the outsourcing together hold between the degree of harmony was significantly lower than core yarn twisting, so the elasticity is higher than the latter two. Covered Yarn Tension state has exposed the core phenomenon, it would be inappropriate to do a dark-colored products. Covered Yarn touch, a more hard-core-spun yarn, its strong outsourcing layer filament or yarn strength, so strong compared with core-spun yarn with a high specification. Covered Yarn winding for relaxation, depending on the use of their take-up rate is generally 60% -95%, which is different from the core yarn Hop twisting, weaving process parameters for greater impact.

    3. Twine

Will be stretch Spandex side while the other inelastic two twisting yarn blend made, and generally install a special yarn feeding devices produced on ring twister. Spandex yarn or filament yarn with a variety of stretch combined with the production of twisting, and are suitable for small batch production of many varieties, and even a twister can simultaneously process several varieties. In the tension state, the spandex yarn and other yarns twist around each other between the relations, and therefore a state of spandex yarns in the yarn tension exposed staining could easily lead to color flower color, not so dark products. Spandex combined with the twister’s strength is equal to the non-elastic yarn with the powerful, it is more spandex core-spun yarn with high strength specifications. All twister in spandex spandex with other non-elastic yarn holds together have less than between the spandex core-spun yarn, reflected in spandex core-spun yarn is higher than the degree of retraction, it combined the flexibility of higher core-spun yarn twister .

    3, spandex core-spun yarn production of Slub equipment modification and technical focus

1. Spandex core-spun yarn equipment modification method

Spandex core-spun yarn on a spinning frame spinning in general, for the production of Slub Yarn, slub yarn device needs to be added, but also to transform the existing spinning machine. In stabilizing the front roller speed at the same time, after the adoption of the changing speed rollers to achieve the purpose of a bamboo, which is mentioned in front of the slub yarn long bamboo production methods.

To stabilize the product quality, the first roller gear at close to adding a switch sensors, to control the front roller speed, due to mechanical reasons, the 5% range of fluctuation within the servo motor can be adjusted by the weight of the yarn irregularity. Spinning the front, rear rack column to double column yarn for the installation of spandex yarn guiding body, which may be changed to single-column two-column, rear column because of location too small, the double column yarn shelf bracket transformation, in the care Block Center for drilling, re-create column wick will not affect the strength of demand.

If spinning hairdryer Department by space constraints, can not install spandex sprocket bracket, you can observe the mouth of the hairdryer to retain under the premise of the hairdryer truncated, re-welded case back. In line with spandex Situo seat width, the installation of a bracket, to facilitate the front roller chain adjustment, so that chain roller seat can be adjusted freely in the horizontal direction, and sometimes need to re-processed according to the width of cradle handle custom spandex wire wheel bracket, so that the guide wire with the right wheel and cradle.

Equipment modification, due to the cotton fibers coated with polyurethane, the original use of leather roller pressure arising due to the higher hardness does not open, spit hard-head phenomenon, the need to replace the low hardness of soft rolls, in order to improve the level of the base Yarn uneven . Equipped with gauge blocks and wire ring in the interest of some of the base yarns and bamboo mixed numbers to consider, with a relatively small gauge blocks and wire rings, bead cross-section in order to use the friction coefficient is small, does not damage spandex prevail in order to ensure yarn quality. Spinning on the cradle, if used for too long, uneven pressure will lead to drawing force and drawing force gripping areas are incompatible, resulting in abnormal bamboo, therefore, need to re-adjust the cradle pressure, if necessary, replace the part of the spring in order to solve the problem unusual bamboo.

As part of Spandex slub slub twist is small, easy-coated spandex yarn can be adjusted periodically based guide wire wheel hand position, so that spandex should be maintained at locations and with a roving yarn guide hooks, so that smooth roving yarn guide and found that timely processing of non-performing parts replacement. In order to prevent hollow yarn, yarn and broken wire dual-core yarn, tube yarn breakage is no longer joints, after re-insert the air traffic control, the joint use of the media, and yarn, spandex yarn should always check whether the tour to normal feeding, bamboo is normal, to ensure that the operating normally. Equipment has been modified after the spandex core-spun yarn, spinning 5.83-7.28tex Spandex slub good effect, spinning regular and irregular bamboo two kinds of bamboo yarn to substantially increase the value-added products, we can use a smaller input to obtain a higher economic efficiency.

2. Slub key parameters and production technology

Slub Yarn Slub parameters include bamboo roughness, slub length and slub spacing three parameters, different combinations of these three parameters directly affect the style and thickness of knitted fabric, knitted products and thus the different parameters of the bamboo different requirements. Are classified into thin bamboo bamboo slub thick, coarse bamboo slub; slub slub slub length is divided into short-and long bamboo slub yarn; bamboo spacing generally have short-term and long-pitch festival distance of the points, short pitch slub yarn pitch in the context of 2cm-10cm long slub yarn pitch pitch is generally 20cm-40cm range. The bamboo roughness, slub length and slub spacing are referring to general situations, special circumstances beyond those limits may also be a breakthrough.

Knitting with slub yarn spinning process to apply basically to the traditional knitting yarn process. After the district in which spinning drafting multiple, generally should be between 1.2 times -1.3 times, and that means drafting the appropriate multiple of enlarged area, appropriate to reduce distraction force, reduce the volatility of drawing power will help to reduce a “hard head . ” Under such circumstances, the base yarn, the smaller numbers of Fine Slub is particularly important. Gauge block matching Spinning JAW should facilitate fiber drawing force control and stability, slub yarn, it should be in the average numbers and the numbers have to choose between the base yarn.

Knitting with slub front roller speed settings generally lower than regular knitting yarn 10% -20%, for the bamboo coarse, long slub yarn, in order to reduce the yarn strength evenly, reducing spun yarn breakage, front roller speed should be further low settings. Clearly, the size of the front roller speed settings and a resolution of the base yarn, bamboo roughness, length and other parameters of bamboo.

Choice of rings should be conducive to reducing the size of the fluctuations in gas-ring tension, whether it is medium or coarse yarn numbers are appropriate to adopt the self-lubricating ring. Wire ring spun Slub Yarn-matching are the difficulties of cross-sectional shape of wire loop with high arch is appropriate. Spun yarn twist factor generally set at between 340-360.

In order to spin a good knitting slub, slub yarn according to the basic requirements and quality characteristics to ensure that spinning in a good state, for the drafting system, to ensure pressure stability, rubber roller, rubber ring, the pin without playing Gordon, For the winding twisting system must be steel collar, spindles, guide yarn hook mind, to minimize fluctuations in the tension during winding. Strengthen the spindle disk, spindle with the maintenance, to reduce the differences in twist caused by mechanical factors.

    4, application developers elastic spandex yarn, warp knitted fabric

Spandex fiber, there are two varieties of a type that polyester-based polyurethane, and the other for the polyether-based polyurethane. Spandex fibers in the molecular structure of human chains are rigid and flexible chain segment, form a mosaic copolymer structure, making spandex fibers have a strong flexibility and extensibility, maximum elongation of up to 700% of the original length, while the elongation of 500% the flexibility of response rate of up to 95%.

    1. Two-way stretch spandex warp knitted fabric

Two-way stretch Spandex warp knitted fabric, only to wear a spandex yarn, combed through the flat pad to make yarn, needles, after sliding due to a short extension lines are short, and by looking hair mat yarn, helium-lun yarn combed yarn covered by the former. Not easy to damage. Other bars have taken under the regular nylon fabric requirements yarn, polyester yarn or cotton yarn. Since the formation of nitrogen-lun yarn coils, therefore, through the direction and weft have good flexibility. In the ordinary Tricot machine knitting, the spandex yarn let-off to be completely positive, and lead screw with a flexible alternative to rotary tension rod: playing with ways to ease the volume cloth, so that warping, warp the course of spandex yarn Stretch a certain recovery of the cloth to form a good roll.

    1.1 plain stretch fabrics

Plain elastic fabric is actually woven through the velvet, the fabric has a good two-way flexibility and plain cloth appearance, reasonable control of spandex stretch yarn warping ratio, and two guide bar of the let-off amount of the content of spandex yarn can be controlled in about 15%, widely used in small swimwear, skating clothing, women’s gym and other sporting events, clothing.

    1.2 stretch velvet fabric is not inverted

Would not fall stretch velvet fabric is actually a single-needle-bed 2 comb fabric. In the comb and combed for weaving cloth elastic manner, the former Salisbury multi-pin back-sliding away from the needle to form a long extension cable. As the role of spandex stretch, the former combed yarn to form an extension line of arch similar to the terry, finishing when the first conduct a mild nap, and then shearing, the former hair extension line of yarn to form into a dense and difficult to erect hair-like down , plush highly dependent on the length of extension lines.

Reasonable control of spandex yarn warping draw ratio and the guide bar of the let-off amount of spandex yarn usage can be controlled within 7% of the total weight of less help to reduce production costs. The product has elegant appearance and feel, a good two-way flexibility is a very good clothing and home decoration warp knitted fabric tomorrow.

    2. One-way stretch spandex warp knitted fabric

One-way stretch Spandex warp knitted fabric generally use thicker spandex yarn in Raschel knitting machine integration, wearing a spandex yarn to make a special post-comb pad weft insertion yarn, spandex yarn to make the main show in the fabric of the vertical, and is clip among other local organizations. The more rough spandex yarn, spandex yarn showing the direction of the flexibility the better.

    2.1 Hexagonal Eye Elastic Fabric

Hexagonal eye yarn and spandex stretch fabric is double-combed yarn woven nylon fabric, the fabric has a strong vertical flexibility, lateral is slightly elastic, suitable for doing women’s bras, underwear and so on.

    2.2 mesh elastic warp knitted fabric

Mesh elastic warp knitted fabric is a spandex and nylon woven four-bar Warp-knitted fabric, fabric after finishing the class, the spandex yarn in the fabric was the vertical line-like, nylon yarn wrapped around it, the only strong vertical fabric flexible, suitable as bras, waistband, elastic bands.

    V. Conclusion

In recent years, spandex and the type of very rich variety of materials, including various specifications of plain, twill, satin, small jacquard spandex refined stretch wool fabric woolen fabric, and a variety of yarn-dyed stretch shirt face Branch, stretch denim, in the a long stretch fabric, various elastic dyeing cloth, stretch poplin, stretch khaki, stretch velvet, stretch knit fabric, as well as supporting various types of clothing such as elastic rib and cuffs. In addition, the spandex warp elastic corduroy for the development of non-woven fabric also has good prospects.
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