Armlet Upper
History Of Belfast 1920-1929
Belfast History 1920-1929
Around 90-100 years ago Belfast looked like a very different place. It had all the hallmarks of a British city rather than an Irish one. It was however an Irish city and one that was in the midst of much political wrangling at that time. Sectarian riots were plentiful and violent and between 1920 and 1922 the civilian death toll was 416 people.
Political Landscape Of Belfast
All this happened amongst the 1918 General Election, the Government of Ireland Act 1920 and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. For more details on this read it at my Belfast Blog.
Even if Belfast had managed to deal with the political side of things, the sad state of the economy at that time ensured that there were many people out of work with almost 20% of the population looking for a job and living in squalid conditions.
Catholics were expelled from the Sirocco gas works, Mackies, the Belfast Harland and Wolff Shipyard, McLaughlin & Harveys, and Musgrave to name but a few. This only succeeded in magnifying and deepening the already existing sectarian divide. The IRA remained active in their campaign to fully unite Ireland and that campaign persisted in the very heart of Belfast.
An example of this was a bomb in a manhole at Arthur Square in 1922 and in conjunction with these types of activities there were also regular confrontations between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the military and the police.
Policing Belfast In 1920-1929
In 1920 the Ulster Unionist Council had once again revived the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and the Special Constabulary was set up in October 1920. That constabulary was divided into three categories:
- A Specials
- B Specials
- C Specials
The “A Specials” numbered around 2,000 and were paid full time and uniformed. The “B Specials” numbered around 19,500 and were part-time, not paid, fully uniformed and served in their own areas. They were armed with weapons which were kept in the local police barracks. The “C Specials” were an unpaid reserve force identified by caps and armlets but not uniformed or armed.
Belfast 1920 – Northern Ireland Becomes A State
In 1920 Northern Ireland came into being as a separate country thanks to the passing of what was known as the Government of Ireland Act of 1920. The first general election was held in May 1921. George V of England came to Belfast for the official opening attended only by Unionists. Nationalists and Republicans had refused to take their seats in any government of this “new state”.
To help you understand those times, it is important to understand the mindset of the people of that period. Women who had become pregnant outside of marriage would typically be sent to Thorndale House which was the Salvation Army’s refuge. Once there, the children would be adopted and the women trained to become domestic servants. Unmarried mothers were put to work in laundries. We also know now a lot more about this from films such as the Magdalene Laundries. They were indeed harsh times for the people of Belfast.
Other Belfast Information of the 1920s
The first radio station opened in Belfast on the 15th September 1924, the BBC. The words of Tyrone Guthrie made the following opening words:
Hello, hello, this is 2BE, the Belfast station of the British Broadcasting Company calling.
Queens University was the only interdenominational educational establishment in Belfast in the 1920s. Winston Churchill attended a ragging ceremony in 1926, the Ulster Unionists having now forgiven him for his attempt at introducing the Home Rule Bill. At that time when he had attempted to do this, his car had been stoned and he had been jostled by angry Unionists. Funny sometimes how quickly politics can change.
Stranmillis College was built between 1926-1929 and the Minister of Education, Lord Londonderry, hoped that both Catholics and Protestants could train together in this building. The reality was that this was ignored as Catholic women went to St Marys Teacher training on the Fall’s Road funded by the Catholic Church and Catholic males received grants to attend Strawberry Hill in Middlesex.
In 1924 Belfast had the first municipal aerodrome in the United Kingdom when it opened in Upper Malone. Eason and Sons then used this service for delivery of newspapers from London and Elsie Irvine claimed to be the first fare paying passenger. She was flown by Captain R.H.Mackintosh also known as “All Weather Mac”. In 1920 there were 38 motor car agents and hirers in Belfast. So slowly bit by bit there was progress despite the huge sectarian divide, something that has never been recovered from even today.
About the Author
From Belfast with a love of writing, especially about anything Irish and especially Ireland’s History. Also enjoy online marketing for fun and work as a Sales Manager. Feel free to visit my Belfast Blog at http://belfastblog.net/belfast-history/belfast-history-1920-1929/
Golden Sun – The Lost Age – Walkthrough – Episode – 30
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